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Hello, dear student! Today we talk about words which are important for us and which we have to know, as we can meet them everywhere, even walking in the streets, in the subway, on transport, in museums and in ordinary life - these are the words expressing ban and permission.
1. The word "можно", which expresses permission to do something. We have the structure "можно" + verb in the infinitive form:
Можно позвонить с вашего телефона? [Mozhna pazvanit' s vashiva tilefona?] - May I use your phone?
Можно купить дом на этой улице [Mozhna kupit' dom na ekhtaj ulitse] - You may buy a house on this street
2. The word "нельзя", which expresses ban against any behavior or action. The structure is the following: "нельзя + verb in the infinitive form":
В метро нельзя курить [V mitro nil'zya kurit'] - It is forbidden to smoke in tube/metro/underground/subway
You can also use here the structure "нельзя" + verb of imperfective aspect":
В общественных местах нельзя громко разговаривать [V absshestvinykh mistakh nil'zya gromka razgavarivat'] - It is not allowed to speak loudly in public places.
Pay attention that this structure "нельзя" + verb, can separate adverb like in the above mentioned example.
There is such structure as "нельзя" + verb of perfective aspect:
Нельзя выучить китайский язык за одну неделю [Nil'zya vyuchit' kitajskij yazik za adnu nidelyu] - It is impossible to learn Chinese for one week
3. The word "надо" expresses that we should do this or that action. There is also the synonym of this word - "нужно". A sentence with these words has the following structure: "надо/нужно" + verb in infinitive":
За квартиру надо/нужно платить вовремя [Za kvartiru nada/nuzhna platit' vovremya] - You have to pay for your flat rent on time.
