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Hello, dear student!
Like in previous articles, today I'd like to share with you some verbs, which we need to describe actions, especially when we are at work, study or in any other place. Someone can ask you to do something or vice versa.
Let's recall the rule, that in Russian there are transitive and intransitive verbs, i.e. those which do action on any object - are transitive, the rest are intransitive. To understand this topic, I recommend you to find my article on these verbs and learn it.
Transitive verbs include:
Ставить - поставить [stavit'- pastavit'] - to put/ have/has put
Вешать- повесить [veshat' -pavesit'] - to hang /have/has hung up
They are similar to the verbs: стоять, висеть, but indicate that an object was replaced somewhere, for example:
Сонечка повесила свое платье в большой шкаф [Sonichka pavesila svayo plat'e f shkaf] - Soniya has hung up her dress in the wardrobe/closet
Я поставила кружку на большой круглый стол [Ya pastavila krushku na bal'shoj kruglyj stol] - I've put the cup on the big round table
Please, pay attention that after
Ставить-поставить
Вешать - повесить
We write the questions: "что?" (what?) and "куда?" (where?) and use the following prepositions in answers: "на" and "в" (на стол - on a table, в шкаф - in the closet). The noun itself is in the genitive case (в шкаф, на стол).
But if a verb is in the infinitive (indefinite) form, for example:
Стоять or висеть,
Then we ask the question "где?" (where?) and write the prepositions "на", "в" and a noun in prepositional case, for example:
Мне пришлось стоять на голом полу целый час, потому что дверь от квартиры захлопнулась [Mne prishlos' stayat' na golam palu tselyj chas, patamu shta dfer' at kvartiry zakhlopnulas'] - I had to stand on the floor barefoot because the apartment's door slammed shut.
Стоять - to stand (где? - where?) на полу - on the floor (на чём? where? Prepositional case)
But if you want to say that an object is situated above or below, we use the preposition "над" (over) - if it's above and "под" (under) - below, for example:
Она стояла над пропастью, а внизу виднелась горная речка [Ana stayala nad propastyu, a vnuzu vidnelas' gornaya rechka] - She was standing over the precipice, and a mountain river was below
Шарф висит под пальто [Sharf visit pad pal'to] - The scarf is hanging under the coat
There are several prepositions of that kind in the Russian language and all of them are always used with the verbs denoting the location of any object:
Под [pod] under - to be below something, to be situated not above: лежать под столом - to lay under the table
На [na] on - shows that action is taking place not inside of something but on its surface, for example: стоять на столе - to stand on a table
В [v] in - shows action which is directed into something: лежать в столе (в ящике стола) - to be laid in the desk
Над [nad] over - shows that action is directed above: летает над горами - to fly over mountains
