To denote objects, living beings, abstract concepts and phenomena in the Russian language you can use masculine, feminine and neuter nouns.
Ending [Окончание] | ||
masculine[Мужско́й род] |
![]() |
-согласная (consonant) -й -ь -а -я |
Feminine [Же́нский род] |
![]() |
-а -я -ь |
Neuter [Сре́дний род] |
![]() |
-о -е -мя -и -у |
Determination of nouns gender
Nouns which end with consonants -и -й – always have masculine gender [Существительные, оканчивающиеся на согласный и –й – всегда мужского рода] | Nouns which end with –а, -я, -ия – always have feminine gender [Существительные на –а, -я, -ия женского рода] | Nouns which end with -о, -е, -ие and -мя – always have neuter gender [Существительное на –о, -е, -ие и -мя] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
|
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Nouns which define people and animals can be only masculine or feminine. Gender of nouns is defined by gender of a person or an animal:
ма́льчик (boy) – де́вочка (girl)
брат (brother) – сестра́ (sister)
кот (cat) – ко́шка (lady-cat)
Nouns which end with suffix – ёнок are always of masculine gender
ребёнок* (child)
котёнок* (kitten)
медвежонок* (teddy)
*These words have diminutive meaning.
There are nouns of masculine gender with ending -а, -я. These nouns define males:
мужчина (man)
юноша (guy)
дедушка (grandfather)
дядя (uncle)
папа (father)
They are also reduced male names:
Алекса́ндр (Alexandr) – Са́ша (Sasha)
Алексе́й (Aleksei) – Алёша (Aliosha)
Влади́мир (Vladimir) – Во́ва (Vova)
Дми́трий (Dmitrii) – Ди́ма (Dima)
Ива́н (Ivan) – Ва́ня (Vania)
Никола́й (Nikolai) – Ко́ля (Kolia)
Константи́н (Konstantin) – Ко́стя (Kostia)
Пётр (Piotr) – Пе́тя (Petia)
Nouns ending with -ь can be both masculine and feminine.
Masculine [Мужской род] | Feminine [Женский род] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
You cannot define gender of nouns in plural (read an article “Number of Nouns”):
ножницы (scissors)
брюки (trousers)
*It is interesting!
The majority of nouns which define professions are masculine.
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Nouns which defines professions can be feminine:
касси́р (cashier) – касси́рша (cashier)
продаве́ц (salesman) – продавщи́ца (saleswoman)
секрета́рь (secretary) – секрета́рша (secretary)
учи́тель (teacher) – учи́тельница (teacher)
But you cannot write these words in documents, you can only use them in oral speech.